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ADVANCES
IN
CHEMISTRY
SERIES
231
Downloaded by UNIV OF WISCONSIN - MADISON on July 14, 2012 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1992-0231.fw001
Emulsions Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry Laurier L . Schramm, EDITOR Petroleum Recovery Institute
Based on a short course developed by the Editor entitled "Petroleum Emulsions and Applied Emulsion Technology" and sponsored by the Petroleum Recovery Institute, Calgary.
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1992
In Emulsions; Schramm, L.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
Downloaded by UNIV OF WISCONSIN - MADISON on July 14, 2012 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1992-0231.fw001
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Emulsions: fundamentals and applications in the petroleum industry / Laurier L. Schramm, editor. p cm.—(Advances in Chemistry Series : 231. “Based on a short course developed by the editor entitled Petroleum Emulsions and Applied Emulsion Technology and sponsored by the Petroleum Recovery Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, December, 1990.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8412-2006-9 1. Emusions—Congresses. 2. Petroleum—Congresses. I. Schramm, Laurier Lincoln. II. Petroleum Recovery Institute. III. Series. QD1.A355 no. 231 [TP156.E6] 540 s—dc20 91-29680 [665.5] CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Copyright © 1992 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem, M A 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. P R I N T E D IN T H E U N I T E D STATES O F A M E R I C A
American Chemical Society Library 1155 16th St., N.W. Washington D.C. 20036
In Emulsions; Schramm, L.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
Advances in Chemistry Series Downloaded by UNIV OF WISCONSIN - MADISON on July 14, 2012 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1992-0231.fw001
M . Joan Comstock, Series Editor 1992 ACS Books Advisory Board V. Dean Adams
Tennessee Technological University
Alexis T. Bell University of California—Berkeley
Dennis W. Hess Lehigh University
Mary A. Kaiser
Ε . I. d u P o n t de N e m o u r s a n d Company
Robert McGorrin Kraft General Foods
Julius J. Menn P l a n t Sciences Institute, U . S . Department of Agriculture
Marshall Phillips
Office of Agricultural Biotechnology, U.S. Department of Agriculture
A. Truman Schwartz Macalaster College
Gretchen S. Kohl
Stephen A. Szabo
Dow-Corning Corporation
C o n o c o Inc.
Bonnie Lawlor
Robert A. Weiss
Institute f o r Scientific I n f o r m a t i o n
University of Connecticut
John L. Massingill D o w Chemical Company
In Emulsions; Schramm, L.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
Downloaded by UNIV OF WISCONSIN - MADISON on July 14, 2012 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: May 5, 1992 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1992-0231.fw001
FOREWORD T h e A D V A N C E S I N CHEMISTRY SERIES was founded in 1949 b y the American Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated in the Society's journals. It provides a medium for symposia that would otherwise b e fragmented because their papers would be distributed among
several
journals or not published at all. Papers are reviewed critically according to A C S editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of A C S publications. Volumes in the A D V A N C E S IN CHEMISTRY SERIES maintain the integrity of the symposia on which they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews,
because symposia may
embrace both types
presentation.
In Emulsions; Schramm, L.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
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ABOUT THE EDITOR L A U R I E R L . S C H R A M M is a senior staff r e search scientist a n d g r o u p l e a d e r f o r c h e m i c a l i m p r o v e d o i l r e c o v e r y at the P e t r o l e u m R e c o v e r y Institute i n C a l g a r y , A l b e r t a , C a n a d a . H e is also a n adjunct asso ciate p r o f e s s o r o f c h e m i s t r y at the U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l g a r y , w h e r e h e lectures i n a p p l i e d c o l l o i d a n d interface c h e m i s t r y . H e r e c e i v e d his B . S c . ( H o n s . ) i n c h e m i s t r y f r o m C a r l e t o n U n i v e r s i t y i n 1976 a n d a P h . D . i n physical and colloid chemistry i n 1980 f r o m D a l h o u s i e U n i v e r s i t y , w h e r e h e s t u d i e d as a K i l l a m S c h o l a r . F r o m 1980 to 1988 he h e l d research positions w i t h S y n c r u d e C a n a d a L t d . i n its E d m o n t o n Research Centre. H i s research interests have i n c l u d e d m a n y aspects o f c o l l o i d a n d i n t e r face science a p p l i e d to the p e t r o l e u m i n d u s t r y , i n c l u d i n g research i n t o m e c h a n i s m s o f n e w processes f o r the e n h a n c e d r e c o v e r y o f l i g h t to heavy c r u d e oils, s u c h as f o a m , p o l y m e r , a n d surfactant flooding, a n d research i n t o f u n d a m e n t a l a n d a p p l i e d aspects o f the h o t - w a t e r flotation process f o r r e c o v e r i n g b i t u m e n f r o m o i l sands. T h e s e have i n v o l v e d investigations i n t o the r h e o l o g y o f e m u l s i o n s , suspensions, h y d r o c a r b o n s , a n d o i l foams; the elect r o k i n e t i c p r o p e r t i e s o f d i s p e r s e d solids, o i l , a n d gases i n aqueous solutions; d y n a m i c surface a n d i n t e r f a c i a l tensions a n d phase attachments; a n d the reactions a n d interactions o f surfactants i n s o l u t i o n . D r . S c h r a m m is a m e m b e r o f the C h e m i c a l Institute o f C a n a d a ( i n c l u d i n g s e r v i n g o n the L o c a l S e c t i o n E x e c u t i v e ) , the A m e r i c a n C h e m i c a l Society, a n d the I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f C o l l o i d a n d Interface Scientists. H e has p u b l i s h e d some 30 scientific papers a n d has 10 patents. T h i s is his first b o o k project.
In Emulsions; Schramm, L.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1992.
